However such a thorough economic valuation of the costs of climate change on the marine environment, specifically with regard to ocean acidification, had not been undertaken.
Heogh-Guldberg was one of the first marine biologists to link coral damage to climate change.
His group is not the first to use such data (ice cores, fossils, marine sediments and the like) to probe the climate's sensitivity to carbon dioxide.
Ms Hyslop highlighted four priority areas in the action plan for Scotland in the EU: energy and climate change, research and creativity, the marine environment and justice.
Several programmes contribute to these efforts, including the Joint WMO-IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology ( JCOMM) and the Ocean Observations Panel for Climate ( OOPC).
As such, they form an essential component of marine observing systems established as part of the World Weather Watch, the World Climate Research Programme, the Global Ocean Observing System, the Global Climate Observing System and other meteorological and oceanographic operational and research programmes.
It claimed climate change would mean more extreme weather and an increased risk of a marine accident.
The story beginning overleaf assesses the implications for marine biodiversity of transgressing planetary boundaries, due to human-induced changes to the climate system, pollution and ocean acidification, as well as more direct threats like invasive species, overfishing and habitat destruction.
Els introduced some of NIWA's work on climate change including ocean acidification as well as introducing the group to NIWA's marine collection for the students to get an impression of the New Zealand's very rich marine biodiversity.
Organisers Marine Industry Events (MIE) said it had been forced to cancel the show due to the economic climate and poor take-up of exhibitors.
Its marine parks agreement will be formally signed at Renewable UK Wave and Tidal Conference in London and witnessed by UK climate change minister Greg Baker and Scottish energy minister Fergus Ewing.
Global efforts to collect and analyze scientific data also allow for the development of the predictive capacity for climate change and the ocean responses, and provide scientific support to governments to mitigate the losses caused by marine hazards.
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