And it would make sense: for-profits would disproportionately cater to nontraditional and marginal students, a bit like Ipesup does for the French upper crust.

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Its impulse is to grow by recruiting and retaining ever more marginal students without any consideration of marginal utility--whether the result is worth the effort.

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If that money had to be borrowed and repaid, the investment in education could quickly become marginal compared to alternatives, especially as college students are a self-selected group who would probably earn more than the average high school graduate anyway.

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This paradigm, which combines meaningful work that can be graded at scale with peer-teaching among students, allows us to offer some of our best educational content to students around the world, at a negligible marginal cost of pennies per student.

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This would likely work because cramming is something that students already are trying to do, but with marginal efficacy.

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