For instance, many types of surgery become nearly impossible.
The new gown can be adapted for many forms of surgery and post-operative care needs, including heart surgery, the insertion of a neck line or hernia repair, or accessing a plaster cast on a broken arm, the hospital said.
Some of the radiologists who perform ablation procedures predict that it will eventually replace surgery for many small tumors.
At the same time, many hospitals see robotic surgery as a marketing tool.
Extreme fatness makes patients so much less likely to survive surgery that many doctors refuse to operate until they slim.
"She's gone back into surgery so many times, and everyone thinks they're going to fix her right leg, " Ms. Harlan said.
This results in most grafts requiring replacement within a year, and many patients require remedial surgery up to three times a year.
However, nearly twice as many men who had surgery reported incontinence and impotence after two years, researchers report in the New England Journal of Medicine.
The statistics, which also covered many other types of surgery and other less-invasive procedures, were based on a survey of 772 actively practicing plastic surgeons, dermatologists and otolaryngologists.
Mr Soutar, who is also an honorary senior lecturer at Glasgow University, said patients were so desperate for surgery that many were willing to forsake the next year's holiday to pay for treatment.
Whether American doctors addicted to expensive high-tech treatments whose apparent efficacy may be largely due to the placebo effect (think many types of back surgery) would ever do this is another question entirely.
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And today, laser surgery is helping many people see perfectly without corrective lenses at all.
Many people who have bariatric surgery gain the weight back, so insurance companies are often wary of paying for the procedure.
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Many doctors prefer to postpone surgery done solely for cosmetic reasons until the person with ambiguous genitalia is mature enough to participate in the decision about gender assignment.
Both he and study author Dr. Timothy Wilt of the University of Minnesota School of Medicine said the results suggest that many men who have received surgery in the past probably didn't need it.
In short, bariatric surgery involves so many risks that it should be used only as a last resort after diet and exercise have failed and then only with patients at high risk of mortality (from heart disease or diabetes, for example) because of their weight.
This was despite the fact that he was the surgeon for the Brown Lenox chain works in Pontypridd for many years and had his own surgery in Glyntaff.
The surgery is not unlike many eye surgeries today but in this case, a trained surgeon will implant the electronics underneath the skin of the eye, known as the conjunctiva.
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Someone's decision to transition does not necessarily mean they are undergoing gender reassignment surgery, and in many cases they do not, said Mara Keisling, executive director of the Washington-based National Center for Transgender Equality.
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"Her tracheotomy tube was removed, and, putting a finger over the tracheotomy canal, her first word was 'merci, '" said Dr. Bernard Devauchelle, one of the many surgeons who carried out the surgery on November 27 in Amiens, northern France.
She said many operations were now performed as day surgery, meaning fewer patients needed an overnight bed.
The study was published last month in Archives of Surgery and is one of many to show a "faith gap" between doctors and patients.
Almost 1.3m licensed procedures were carried out in 2010, according to the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (as well as many more unlicensed ones).
And advocates say transgender people can find it difficult to change gender on their birth certificates because many states require proof of gender treatment surgery.
It is also that with so many sufferers being diagnosed too late for surgery, there hasn't historically been as much tissue available to researchers to carry out the kind of genetic research necessary to develop effective targeted treatments.
This may be one reason why so many people who say they need back surgery suddenly feel great after a smiling surgeon tells them he has just given them the latest in high-tech operation, despite dubious objective evidence that it works.
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But many Turks still balk at the prospect of surgery to thicken one's whiskers.
The catheter method could greatly broaden the potential market, since many heart patients are too sick to risk surgery.
It looks after many forms of specialised care - from brain surgery to transplants, eating disorders to cancer care.
Del Vecchio isn't banking just on prescription glasses, not with so many people opting for contact lenses or corrective surgery.
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