Iraq has worked hard to come out of its poverty on its own, and has developed its own managerial class.

FORBES: Iraq: The Oil, C'est Moi

In theory, the greater transparency in respect of what executives are paid, combined with the new compulsion for companies to stick to pay policies agreed with investors, should change the balance of power between investors and boardrooms, in favour of the owning class and away from the managerial class.

BBC: Will empowered investors curb excessive pay?

Rudolph Giuliani, they argue, has taken the sting out of New York's racial politics, and the growing black middle class is supporting younger managerial black politicians, not racial ambulance-chasers.

ECONOMIST: The Tawana Brawley case

She served as her class representative and took leadership classes and managerial skill electives.

WSJ: Earning an E.M.B.A. for Future Growth