This new, condensed energy allowed them to make steel and build ships and factories.
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The privately held company produces a coal-based additive called coke that is used to make steel.
It is already largely dependent on imports of coking coal, used to make steel.
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These will lead to increased demand for both thermal and metallurgical coal, the latter one used to make steel.
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High grade coal that is used to make steel is in particular demand in developing countries such as China, India and Brazil.
Sales of molybdenum, which is used to make steel and iron alloys, should increase to 90 million this year, from 83 million in 2012.
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An even lower-cost group of domestic producers are the mini-mill operators, such as Nucor, which make steel from scrap metal instead of iron ore.
People who make steel and aluminium and advertisers... and everyone who's involved in the larger economic impact of the auto industry believe it is working.
According to a recent Greenpeace study, illegal wood charcoal is primarily used in Brazil to power smelters producing pig iron, which is used to make steel for industries including U.S. auto manufacturing.
In 1912, Harry Brearley, a former student working in a laboratory in Sheffield, discovered how to make stainless steel.
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Voestalpine does not make commodity steel but occupies various high-end niches: top-quality steel, railway systems, steel sections and sophisticated automotive products, mostly made to order.
China's headlong growth has not only caused acute shortages of metals like copper and nickel (which is used, among other things, to make stainless steel and even types of glass).
In the meantime the rebar market became a commodity and the prices collapsed, forcing the minimills to improve themselves to move up to the next best thing to make for steel.
Cheap steel imports and an inflexible union work force were combining to make U.S. steel production challenging.
Eventually, sword makers started using iron, and when they discovered they could hammer carbon into the smelt, they'd make swords out of steel.
Yet it may still not be good enough: the best mini-mill firms can make a ton of steel using less than one man-hour of labour.
The union gave ground on some issues, but refused to budge on pensioner benefits, fearing that it would have to make concessions with other steel makers too.
Addressing MPs, Mr Clegg also said he would not support separate proposals put forward on the Lords by Lib Dem peer Lord Steel to make it easier for peers to retire and to be stripped of their membership for non-attendance.
Indeed, Ispat customer Ford recently decided to make 90% of its steel purchases, amounting to almost 5 million tons, through E-Steel.
Okano has few peers when it comes to devising and refining ways to make such cases from stainless steel, magnesium or titanium.
It's a nifty way for a family long departed from its original source of wealth in the steel business to make pocket money.
On average, according to World Steel Dynamics, a consultancy, the mini-mills use less than one-third of the labour that the integrated mills need to make a tonne of sheet steel.
An employee at Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries, one of Japan's oldest shipbuilders, he is responsible for bending a precise curve into the giant steel plates that make up the hulls of seagoing ships.
Investments is a catch-all category we use here at Forbes to categorize the wealth created by hedge fund managers, people who play stockbroker with the family money, and the titans of investing who make moves like snapping up steel assets out of bankruptcy court.
Drivers with bladders of steel might want to make such a run without a stop to fill up .
The US, Britain and the EU now all make pennies and cents out of steel with a copper plating as copper rose in price making brass and bronze worth more than face value.
High-efficiency motors, which have more copper coils and thinner laminate steel, cost more to make.
Published photographs make the contoured and perforated stainless-steel screen that wraps the structure like a second skin look as if it has been hit by an asteroid.
"We have 300 metallurgists and engineers in the plant whose sole focus is to have that steel plant yield successful new steel alloys to help us make our cost, weight and safety targets, " Krafcik said.
And Chinese steel mills have been forced to make purchases on the spot market.
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