Galileo's main antenna, folded up like a giant umbrella, failed to open properly after launch.

ECONOMIST: The long arm of the celestial repairman

The main antenna failed to open properly, but clever reprogramming enabled the capacity of the low gain antenna to be increased eight times, enabling 70% of the mission objectives to be completed.

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Eventually, the Galileo team gave up on the main antenna and reprogrammed the craft to use its smaller secondary dish, which transmits data at a hundredth of the speed of the main one.

ECONOMIST: The long arm of the celestial repairman

It suffered from short-circuits, faulty radio and power systems, an unreliable tape-recorder, a sticky camera platform, and the loss of much of the gas that supplied its stabilising thrusters a problem overcome by repositioning its solar panels and main antenna so that they acted as solar sails, stabilising the probe via the gentle pressure of sunlight.

ECONOMIST: The long arm of the celestial repairman

The main housing unit of the Shark Shield is worn on the thigh, and the antenna is worn on the ankle.

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