Neither formal agreements nor periodic on-site inspections will prevent the diversion and utilization of machine tools and other dual-use equipment where it suits the purposes of the USSR.
The best known of such incidents was that involving the sale by Toshiba and Kongsberg of advanced machine tools and enabling software to the USSR for the purpose of producing extremely quiet submarine propellers.
Japan's factories play a significant role in global production, churning out a fifth of the world's semiconductors and large shares of advanced machine tools and solar panels.
Car parts, machine tools and Harley-Davidson motorcycles are only a few of its products.
The town has a strong manufacturing tradition, particularly in machine tools and electrical goods.
In judging the appropriate standard, however, the relevant test should not be the state of the art of Western machine tools and like technologies.
That kind of juice makes factories hum, and South Africa, despite problems aplenty (see p. 36), is beginning to build a manufactured-goods export base in autos, machine tools and chemicals.
In a sweeping decontrol of forty militarily relevant technologies announced today, the Administration is permitting the Soviet Union to obtain highly capable computers, sophisticated machine tools and a variety of telecommunication, electronic and other technologies previously denied, lest they be applied to Soviet defense purposes.
Special emphasis in this decontrol proposal is on computers, machine tools, and telecommunications equipment.
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There are six American companies dedicated to producing five-axis machine tools, and at least 20 in China.
Most recently, the Administration decided on 19 January 1990 to exempt certain East European countries from export controls on selected items such as advanced computers, telecommunications equipment, and machine tools.
According to former UNSCOM chief Richard Butler, Iraq takes advantage of the similarities and eludes sanctions by using Jordanian front companies to import lathes and machine tools, which, once inside Iraq, are easily adapted to the production of chemical weapons.
Philippe Dufour stands high up in the watchmaking pantheon, not as a brand, but an independent master watchmaker--just himself, an assistant or two, and a few machine and hand tools that would be instantly recognizable to a watchmaker 200 years ago.
Even more fundamentally, the digital economy's infrastructure has advanced basic material science and classes of machine tools that have led directly to the new high-power electronics (enabling hybrids) and to big, cheap flat-panel, thin-film PVs (derived from the massive thin-film machines that make flat-panel-TVs).
Traditional German industries like cars and machine-tools have made themselves fit by shedding hundreds of thousands of workers.
The working garage has a lift and myriad tools, including a milling machine, grinder and welding equipment, so he can restore and build cars.
Among those items reportedly slated for decontrol are sensors capable of testing missile silos, high-speed microprocessors with a wide variety of applications for military systems, solid and liquid rocket motors and spacecraft, advanced lasers, electronic navigation equipment, and sophisticated machine tools.
Moreover, unless and until the prospective recipients of advanced machine tools cease to be part of a military organization and intelligence apparatus inimical to Western security interests, no liberalization of the plus-or-minus ten micron standard can be justified.
Many of India's old industries, such as machine tools, general engineering and basic textiles, remain mired in inefficiencies and protectionism.
And (2) the United States is now advancing with its COCOM partners proposals easing Soviet acquisition of mainframe computers, telecommunications equipment and technology and highly accurate machine tools.
The latter include, for example: supercomputers, advanced machine tools, fiber optic and other sophisticated telecommunications gear, jet engine hot sections, rocket propulsion and guidance components, "stealth" technology, to name a few.
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As a result, sophisticated computers, microelectronics, sensors, machine tools, telecommunications equipment and the like will be made available to such nations as Cuba, Libya, North Korea, Vietnam, China and the Soviet Union.
Also under consideration are transfers of six extremely senstive mainframe computers manufactured by Control Data Corporation (3) computers designed for the operation of nuclear plants and highly accurate machine tools suitable for aerospace manufacturing .
For this reason, current COCOM controls proscribe the sale to the USSR and its allies of machine tools with accuracies greater than plus-or-minus 10 microns (or four ten-thousandths of an inch).
An investment boom from 2001-04, for example, paved the way for the ballooning surplus of 2004-07, according to Jonathan Anderson, formerly of UBS. That investment poured into heavy industries, such as aluminium, machine tools, cement, chemicals and steel.
The United States exported 515 five-axis machine tools between 2005-2007, and only 12 of these went to China.
What the rest of the world sees as squirrel chow Von Ehr sees as a perfect woodmaking machine, with the necessary energy supply, tools and complete instructions wrapped in a small package.
The Germans and other allies wish to sell the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact nations machine tools with the capability of producing, for example, advanced aviation components with an accuracy of plus-or-minus five microns (two ten-thousandths of an inch) or better.
We decided to exclude the traditional list of "simple machines, " which includes the lever, pulley, wheel and wedge, since most other tools employ some form of simple machine--a hammer is basically a lever, and an axe is essentially a wedge.
With the right monetary, fiscal and regulatory tools, the growth machine will eventually whirr into life.
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