One major hurdle is that the language of machine-plus-human interaction has not yet begun to be developed.

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Amazon built X-Ray using its expertise in language processing and machine learning, access to significant storage and computing resources with Amazon S3 and EC2, and a deep library of book and character information.

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These fingerprints look deep into the characteristics of the machine, logging such things as the time zone, keyboard language, operating-system version and other key identifiers.

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Equipped with proprietary machine-learned automated translation technology, the browser considerably expands the browsing territory for those who speak only one language.

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Creating software that can write long-form narratives is very difficult, full of all sorts of interesting artificial intelligence, machine learning and natural language problems.

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This time around IBM built an entirely different kind of machine, a marvel of natural language processing that can apply up to 1, 000 algorithms to the info-equivalent of millions of books.

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