This sort of pyramid scheme, with those lower in the reporting chain kicking up a portion of their haul, has no parallel in the service sector.
In general if we can figure out how to eat fish that are not so predatory, lower on the food chain, that is going to help save the world.
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The romantic twist on all this is that many fans of Luton and Bradford have tasted the top flight in their lifetimes and are now stuck lower down the food chain largely for events beyond their control.
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Rather, the drop in commodity prices in 2008 will soon show up in lower manufacturing and supply-chain costs.
Analysts have blamed supply-chain problems for lower-than-expected initial iPhone 5 sales of five million in the opening weekend.
In India, where the middle class also is growing, Mr. Capuano said Marriott plans to introduce its lower-end Fairfield hotel chain.
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But come Monday, fathers are expected to regress back into their lives of responsibility and lower place on the family chain of command.
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But as funding conditions worsened last year, the region's largest banks began to hoard it, causing a credit crunch lower down the financial food chain.
This type of impact by top-of-the-food-chain predators on lower trophic levels is well known in marine systems, said Peterson, and has been shown to occur in terrestrial systems in the study of invertebrates.
Conventional livestock take up so much in the way of environmental resources that some have long suggested that creatures lower down in the food chain insects might in theory provide just as much protein in a more environmentally friendly way.
The company has also been focusing on improving its international margins by realigning its supply chain by sourcing from lower cost locations.
Moyes, a Scot, began his playing career at a big club, Celtic, but then slid down the food chain into the English lower divisions.
Mixing it up reduces the chances that you are getting too much of a single contaminant, he says, adding that the lower one eats on the food chain, the less of an impact one has.
On a late Los Angeles afternoon last fall, up a steep and winding road in lower Benedict Canyon, a covered chain-link fence and a dense covering of trees and shrubs blocked most views of the mansion of Mr. Pritzker, part of the Chicago real-estate family and a billionaire co-founder of private-equity firm the Pritzker Group.
However, much of the oxygen was removed from the lower end of the equity market food chain by amendments to the crowdfunding provisions of the JOBS Act, which were motivated by concerns of potentials for fraud on small investors.
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Penney shares opened sharply lower this morning, after the department store chain reported truly disappointing quarterly figures.
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GameStop shares are trading sharply lower Thursday morning after the video game retail chain reported disappointing sales for its fiscal second quarter ended July 30.
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The bottler, which operates in North America, Turkey, Russia, Greece and Spain, said it would refine its selling and service organization, lower its general and administrative expenses, make its supply chain more efficient and modify its defined benefit pension plans in the U.S. and Canada.
The community organisation which arranged the event had originally planned a 1, 600-person human chain but plans were scaled down due to the lower turnout.
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This approach can reduce costs, lower risk, and create tangible examples of sustainability throughout the value chain.
While lower gas prices and the recovery of the auto sector (as supply chain disruptions eased in Japan) boosted economic performance in the third quarter, Hatzius believes the U.S. economy will continue to muddle through until the private sector feels comfortable enough that it has fixed its balance sheet to begin spending.
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"You can get away with it at a big-box store, with mostly lower skilled retail positions, " he says, noting that a specialty electronics chain like Best Buy generally requires more knowledgeable workers.
The main reason for Apple announcing a lower gross margin outlook for Q3 was the uncertainty behind the raw material supply chain issues prevailing during the last few quarters due to the Japan tragedy.
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Nonetheless, trade at its Primark stores was more intense than expected, which - along with lower than expected manufacturing costs due to a drop in cotton prices - helped the chain achieve better operating profit margins than a year ago.
While we expect product shipments to decrease slightly, we estimate lower revenues and depressed margins due to rapidly declining average selling prices throughout the solar supply chain.
Salinas, then 26, helped the chain recover by reducing the number of lines the stores carried and by catering to the lower middle class.
First the chain eliminated the more than 500 sales it used to stage all year long, in their place offering lower pricing across the board in its approximately 1, 100 locations.
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