As hordes of researchers have said, the efficacy of low fees is something you don't need two decades of historical research to prove.

WSJ: Upside: Protecting Your Portfolio From a Downturn

After studying the safety and efficacy of the low-dose pill, the ministry's Central Pharmaceutical Affairs Council agreed in February to approve oral contraceptives.

ECONOMIST: Japan

He has at times questioned the efficacy of the low-rate policy for addressing the economy's ills, but this month he publicly supported the Fed's latest decision to embark on a new round of quantitative easing.

WSJ: Dissenters at Fed Will Gain Clout

Graphic health warnings (GHW) threaten serious costs in terms of smoker concentration on fear (as opposed to danger avoidance), defensive processing, and reactance, as well as feelings of low self-esteem and self-efficacy.

FORBES: Further Down the Slippery Slope: The EU's Tobacco Package Property Seizure