The main competition is not another company's drug but low doses of Genentech's cancer fighter Avastin.
He added that the low doses of hormones would make the Nuvaring particularly popular.
Hormone therapy may be safe only at low doses for short periods of time.
And, at low doses, Zyprexa and AstraZeneca's Seroquel are often given as a sleep or calming aid.
Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, is commonly given to heart failure patients already, but in relatively low doses.
Ikaria Holdings, a company he cofounded that year, has already begun human safety trials using very low doses.
Previous reports document a short latency of cancer onset in young children exposed to low doses of radioactivity.
FORBES: French System For Cleaning Fukushima Water Blamed For Leukemia, Polluted Beaches In Europe
The incident triggered a mild form of posttraumatic stress that he keeps in check with low doses of antidepressants.
Others were exposed to low doses (half as much as the high dose), or to no dose at all.
It is simply meant to test the drug, initially at very low doses, to see how well tolerated it is.
FORBES: Bad Pharma? Maybe. But Goldacre's Selective Use of Data Is Wrong
Findings document that the very young are especially susceptible to adverse effects of radiation exposure, even at relatively low doses.
FORBES: French System For Cleaning Fukushima Water Blamed For Leukemia, Polluted Beaches In Europe
Low doses appeared to offer some protection against stroke damage - reducing the area of the brain affected by 30%.
We also conclude that at the low doses of most human exposures the comparative hazards of synthetic pesticide residues are insignificant.
Low doses of melatonin can also help jet-lagged travellers who awaken in the middle of the night to fall back to sleep.
Possibly the biggest uncertainty in all this concerns whether there's any added risk of cancer from exposure to low doses of radioactivity.
But an even more important facet of the guidelines is that many people would not be on low doses of these drugs.
Emerging science suggests that low doses of radiation exposure can have numerous long-term effects, possibly passed from one generation to the next.
FORBES: 1st Person | Facing an Unsettled Future After Radiation Exposure
Many patients get it at low doses for uses that have not been well studied, such as treating insomnia and agitation in Alzheimer's disease.
The NRC says there are no data to reliably estimate the occurrence of cancer following exposure to low doses and dose rates below about 100, 000 microsieverts.
She has had particular luck with Seroquel in low doses, which has often been used for its sedating effects (see: Antipsychotic Prescribed As Sleeping Pill).
Low doses of hydrogen sulphide, a gas which smells like rotten egg, can safely reduce the metabolism of mice, putting them into a state of suspended animation.
ECONOMIST: Researchers find hydrogen sulphide can lower metabolism
Organically grown broccoli and coffee are full of natural substances that are just as carcinogenic as man-made chemicals at high doses and just as safe at low doses.
He is, however, worried that people with high cholesterol would take relatively low doses when they should be taking higher ones to really reduce their risk of heart attacks.
MLN4760 is a sign that the genomics approach--in which genes linked to disease are located and used to design drugs that are effective in low doses, without side effects--actually works.
"This paper confirms that radiation, even in relatively low doses, does lead to risk" of certain cancers, said Alan Craft, emeritus chair at Newcastle University and an author of the paper.
Although low doses of certain chemicals can induce non-monotonic effects, scientists who have reviewed these studies, time and again, have come away unconvinced these effects consistently or even generally suggest harm.
One question I raised with Prof Jacobson was whether, using their methodology, you could say what the rates would have been if there were a threshold - if low doses had no effect.
Brenner replied that there are several studies of the exposure following Fukushima that show the local population received low doses that amount to less risk, for the individual, than other hazards common in life.
Peter Hill, a consultant child psychiatrist, says that some patients wait 18 months for therapeutic help despite studies in America which show that behavioural therapy can work, on its own or combined with low doses of drugs.
ECONOMIST: Parents of hyperactive children face a dreadful dilemma
应用推荐