Even so, they also weren't the extreme social outcasts and loners depicted in the early days of media coverage.
Liberals were also loners, spending a quarter of their time on their own.
The distinction is critical as it controls for the much caricatured online loners who live their lives on the Web.
Age, thanks to the uneven advances of modern medicine, makes loners of people who have not previously lived by themselves.
"It is not the case any longer that vegans are socially clumsy, gormless loners living in a caravan and growing vegetables, " he says.
Far from being loners, Mr Klinenberg argues, singles are more likely to spend time with friends and neighbours, and to volunteer in civic organisations.
Good lawyers tend to be loners, or, at best, small-team workers.
And what I thought then and I still feel now is that it's because this room was a room full of misfits, outcasts, loners, dreamers, mumblers, delinquents, dropouts.
By identifying them as goth loners who were "weird" or "oddballs, " it was easier to set them apart from other students and for schools to distinguish future potential shooters, he said.
According to the research, being presented to a British Psychological Society conference in Leeds on Sunday, those at the edge of groups, such as non-sporting children and loners, were more likely to suffer emotional bullying.
BBC: Bullies were more likely to seek risks, the study found
More often than not, students who commit acts of violence are loners who feel they've been "pushed out of being part of the community, of the school, " said school psychologist Kevin Dwyer, who helped design the guide.
He reviews his farming childhood, his happy marriage to a good woman called Rachel and his wartime service in Italy as a member of the 10th Mountain Brigade, as he encounters a series of lovers, drifters, loners, psychotic hunters and sick illegal immigrants all of whom have something to teach him.
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