As you may remember from physics class, changing the pressure of a liquid changes its temperature.
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Methanol contains 12.6% hydrogen and is a liquid at ambient temperature, enabling it to be used as a means of temporarily "storing" hydrogen until it is needed.
However, by making something out of ions that are bulky and asymmetrical (they have names such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium and hexafluorophosphate, which are as complicated as the ions they represent), the attractive electrical forces can be kept so far apart that the resulting substance is a liquid at room temperature.
When fog forms below 0C, its super-cooled water droplets remain liquid, even though the temperature is below freezing.
At that depth, the pressure of the rock overhead is just enough for liquid CO2 to be stable, if the temperature is low enough.
At room temperature, the nuclei in a liquid are perpetually jostling back and forth between up and down, emitting and absorbing radio waves, with only a slight preference for up.
Unlike large glass mirrors which are subject to the vagaries of humidity, thermal dynamics and constant deformation from gravity itself, liquid mercury which remains molten at room temperature can reflect as much as 75 percent of incoming starlight with little of the fuss associated with large conventional mirrors.
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By using the bacteria, the two men have found a way to change the liquid into a solid, and to do it at the ambient temperature.
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The helium, which by then will have risen to about minus 15C, is pushed through a liquid nitrogen "boiler" to bring it back down to its run temperature, before looping back into the pre-cooler.
Liquid Robotics, the US company behind the project, collected data about the Pacific Ocean's temperature, salinity and ecosystem from the drone.
Temperature, however, is not the only thing that can cause this polymer to shift from liquid to solid and back.
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The digital "eyebrow" display at the top of the instrument panel provides high visibility for the Eco indicator and speedometer, while the lower liquid crystal meter display houses the new percentage style state-of-charge meter, power meter, battery temperature gauge, multi-function display, remaining energy gauge, capacity level gauge and distance to empty display.
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