For example, work done at Princeton University in the US and published in 1994 to make the fuel additive methanol from CO2 has more recently been refined and spun into a company called Liquid Light that is aiming to do the same thing.
SmartGlass involves two panes sandwiching a film containing minuscule liquid droplets of these light-absorbing polyiodide crystals.
According to Italy's La Repubblica newspaper, a police officer noticed the man had covered himself with the liquid and had a light in his hand.
JVC's approach is to use liquid crystals to block the polarized light that would normally reflect to the screen.
Soon they were soaking reeds into liquid fat and burning them for light.
They held their glasses to the light, swirled the liquid, and dipped their noses in the glasses to judge the water's "clarity" and "bouquet" and then sipped for "taste".
This will generate two flashes of light - one in the liquid argon and another in the gas - which will be detected by the receptors.
BBC: Dark Matter: Experiment to shed light on dark particles
How it works:Ones and zeroes of digital data are first converted into checkerboard "pages"of bright and dark pixels using a liquid-crystal panel called a spatial light modulator.
This will include expanding production lines to manufacture ultra-high resolution liquid crystal display (LCD) and organic light emitting diode (OELD) display panels.
Stereolithography works by steering laser beams through a photosensitive liquid that solidifies when it is exposed to enough light.
The alignment of the liquid crystals in the array controls the direction in which light is reflected from them.
It is done using a special type of liquid-crystal array developed by a British firm called Light Blue Optics, which is also developing the technology for use in tiny projectors (see article).
Just last month, scientists announced they had found a planet very likely to have liquid oceans (and thus the potential for life) 22 light years from the Earth.
WSJ: The Weekend Interview with Michio Kaku: Captain Michio and the World of Tomorrow
One way to control this process is to use two beams that, when they cross, double the amount of light in a spot, and thus cause the liquid to solidify faster.
The liquid acts as an additional lens, narrowing the beam of light just as a telescope turns what looks to the naked eye like a smudge on the horizon into a crisp image.
By passing light from the palimpsest through a filter made up of liquid crystals, the researchers can adjust the wavelengths of the pictures that result by 10 billionths of a metre at a time.
This negative is illuminated from the front by an arc lamp, and the light from this lamp passes through the transparent regions of the liquid-crystal layer to the middle layer.
Although the exact mechanism is still not entirely understood, it turns out that illuminating the liquid crystal, applying a voltage across a small region of it, and then turning off the light source causes a small amount of charge to be stored in that region.
At a news conference Thursday, police said Auvinen had sprayed a flammable liquid, possibly lamp oil, on the walls of the school and that he tried but failed to light it.
Wherever the light hits the material, it hardens into a polymer, creating a grid of cells full of liquid crystal.
It would imply the technology for liquid crystal displays represents most of the value of the company, and the rest of the business, including light emitting diodes, has limited value.
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