Applying an electric charge to the liquid crystals causes the molecules they are made up of to realign themselves, altering the transparency of that layer. (The screens of portable computers work in a similar way.) The result is that a high-resolution negative copy of the moving image is formed in the liquid-crystal layer.

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This negative is illuminated from the front by an arc lamp, and the light from this lamp passes through the transparent regions of the liquid-crystal layer to the middle layer.

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When rotating, the forces of nature keep the thin layer of liquid mercury in the shape of a parabola.

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This container is filled with 50kg of liquid argon and a thick layer of the element in its gas form.

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Dr Bard and his colleagues have developed a novel form of memory that consists of a thin layer of organic liquid crystal sandwiched between two sheets of glass.

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The middle layer of glass separates the liquid crystal portion of the display from the touch portion.

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That charge, in turn, affects the third layer, which is made of liquid crystals.

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The bottom layer has hundreds or thousands of tiny intersecting liquid-handling channels, each about the width of a human hair (100 microns).

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The device had been dropped and had a broken interior liquid crystal display (LCD) screen, though its outer glass layer was intact.

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