Lintner and other experts expected the Chinese to stamp out organized crime after Hong Kong's return to mainland control in 1997.

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Lintner says there's no way to know how many members use Hong Kong as a base, although he estimates at least 10, 000.

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This mathematical approach to investing led to the famed Capital Asset Pricing Model by Sharpe, Lintner, and Black, the Option Pricing Model by Black and Scholes, and other important theories.

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In 2001 the U.S. charged three Chinese scientists, who Lintner says were affiliated with triads, with corporate espionage: stealing voice data software from New Jersey telecom company Lucent to help their own entrepreneurial efforts--a Beijing venture they appropriately called ComTriad Technologies.

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