For instance Geoffrey West and Luis Bettencourt, both of the Santa Fe Institute, found that cities scale much like organisms.
Some scientists suspect Mars once sheltered primitive, bacteria-like organisms and previous missions found evidence Mars at one time boasted ample quantities of water.
Some of the data it gathered about the abundance of phytoplankton - plant-like organisms that convert carbon dioxide into oxygen and provide food for other sea life - could already be monitored by satellite.
Like living organisms they depend heavily on the interactions of their environment for nourishment, growth and even survival.
Experiments in simpler organisms like worms and yeast have also seemed to implicate mTOR in the aging process.
To do this, Voigt works hard to understand what "commands" are programmed on the DNA of simple organisms like the E. coli bacteria.
Inspired by amoeba-like single-cell organisms, WSL is a propulsion system that enables robots to squeeze through gaps smaller than its regular dimensions.
Ironically, Americans appear to agree more on climate-change science than other high-profile scientific controversies like the safety of genetically-modified organisms.
But PacBio still represents an interesting approach that will have immediate utility for some things, like sequencing germs and crops and new types of organisms, and its technology has the potential to get much, much faster.
"Human organisms are not things you hang ornaments on like a Christmas tree, " says Thomas Murray, Hastings' director.
Isoprenoids have the advantage that, like alcohols, they are part of the natural biochemistry of many organisms.
These form the basis of a typical community of organisms made up of cold corals, sponges and the like.
Breakthroughs came in the early 1990s, when researchers at several academic labs succeeded in teaching organisms, such as silkworms, to produce proteins that look exactly like strains of HPV.
Living organisms have been found even in apparently inhospitable regions of the Earth, like the driest deserts or Antarctica, or near thermal vents in the black depths of the ocean.
And since a huge majority of micro-organisms (by some estimates, 97%) cannot be cultured, that sounded like a great idea.
In recent years, scientists have sequenced the genetic code of a wide array of organisms, ranging from mice, humans and fish to common bacterial pathogens and plants like rice and corn.
"We are moving organisms and disease and pathogens - all over the planet weeds and other exotic species are proliferating like crazy!"
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