Among the new approaches is a cocaine-like molecule now in clinical safety trials from Neurosearch, a Copenhagen-based biotechnology firm.
But it's way more than what it costs to copy a simple molecule like the one in Zocor or Zantac.
GM--its market share dropping like a heavy molecule, its bonds near junk, its vehicles piling up in dealer lots-is making its single biggest research bet on developing a hydrogen-powered car.
The same team took the first-ever single-molecule image in 2009 and more recently published images of a molecule shaped like the Olympic rings.
BBC: Atomic bond types discernible in single-molecule images
Instead, the moral molecule works like a gyroscope, helping us to maintain our balance between behavior based on trust and behavior based on wariness and distrust.
Because each DNA molecule works like an individual computer, Adleman says for some problems, a DNA computer could do 100 quadrillion (1 followed by 17 zeros) operations in a single step while consuming almost no energy.
Drug companies including Sanofi, Merck and Pfizer are working on anticancer drugs that block insulin-like growth factor, a related molecule.
No one is accusing either Celera or the HGP of simply failing to notice large swaths of DNA. Quite the contrary, everyone seems to agree they did a remarkable job transcribing the 3 billion rungs on the DNA molecule, which is shaped like a long, twisted ladder.
Last year Hewlett-Packard, along with a team of scientists from UCLA, proved the ability to make a switch that could be turned off and on, like a transistor, out of a single organic molecule called a catenane.
Last year Hewlett-Packard, along with a team of scientists from UCLA, proved that it is possible to make a switch that can be turned off and on, like a transistor, out of a single organic molecule called a catenane.
The advantage for Singulair is that unlike older drugs like antihistamines, it works by blocking a completely different molecule.
Biogenerics also present an opportunity for the bigger firms like Teva, which have the capability to duplicate larger molecule drugs.
At the same time, a different set of IBM researchers in Switzerland have discovered a way to make individual molecules act like "switches" without altering the framework of the molecule, which could lead to molecular logic circuits.
ENGADGET: IBM researchers get closer to nanotech hard drives
Protein drugs like Enbrel are much more expensive to make than traditional small-molecule drugs, and Thousand Oaks, Calif.
The very act of isolating sequences of molecules from the much larger DNA molecule transforms them into something useful, the judge said, just like any other industrial process based on naturally occurring compounds.
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Given the amount of work involved in actually isolating genes from the much larger DNA molecule transforms them into something useful, the majority said, just like any other industrial process based on naturally occurring compounds.
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The long-awaited era of single-molecule DNA sequencing will begin in earnest with new machines from companies like Pacific Biosciences, and with a bit of luck this will improve the speed at which we can recognise unknown bugs.
The most commonly used lemon-flavor molecule, citral, fades within 30 days when put in an acid medium like lemonade.
Like Antigenics' other cancer therapies, the vaccine programs the immune system to recognize a particular molecule present in many kinds of cancer, called a heat-shock protein.
He found a 17-year-old paper written by University of Maryland researcher Paul Mazzochi that mentioned how moving a nitrogen atom in a morphine molecule caused its morphinelike properties to disappear--and also made it poisonous, just like nicotine.
"The electron starts at one end of the room, if you like, and it can only make it to the other end if it gives up energy to the molecule in the middle of the room, " he explained.
The Genzyme acquisition is really a bet that in the future drug companies will need stable businesses like vaccines and consumer health that are insulated from the sudden drops of sales that happen with traditional small molecule drugs in the U.S. market.
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