The manner in which that cooperation is undertaken will be determined by the president in conjunction with the government of Iraq, but it does not constitute a security commitment that rises to the level of a legally binding assurance which would, of course, have to be submitted to the Senate.

NPR: Negotiating America's Future in Iraq

But perhaps the most important factor, the one absent at the national level, is a legally binding plan to reduce carbon emissions.

FORBES: How Will California Slash Greenhouse Gas Emissions 80% By 2050?

Hamburg, where the party is forming its first state-level coalition with the Greens, will seek to make referendums binding on the legislature.

ECONOMIST: If you thought Germany did not do referendums, think again

They will also endorse a high level declaration of principles around open government, which is voluntary and non-binding, and will express our commitment to exemplifying best practice on transparency, accountability and civic engagement.

FORBES: Open Government Partnership: An Interview with Maria Otero, Under Secretary of State

According to University of Maryland economist Peter Cramton, companies are able to submit non-binding, low-ball bids, resulting in prices that are far below any reasonable profit level.

FORBES: Washington Is Tightening Its Grip On Medical Decision-making