One unfortunate trend with the growth of higher education has been an increasing emphasis on exam and grades oriented learning, fueled by the proliferation of competitive entrance exams for science, engineering, medicine, law, etc. and tutorial centres who compete to prepare the students for these exams.

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Top tips including making a revision timetable up to ten weeks before the exam, dividing learning into manageable chunks and sharing revision plans with parents and teachers.

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Alice Kaplan, a close student of French intellectual life, quotes an anti-Nazi teacher who, when coaching pupils for the Ecole's entrance exam, wondered if they would put their intelligence and learning to misuse.

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After the completion of both programmes, students are required to take a final exam in order to accredit their learning through the System of Evaluation and Certification of Studies.

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Progressives saw competition between pupils or schools as divisive and regard the process of learning itself to be more important than measurable outcomes such as exam grades.

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