Chevron determined the best place would be the Dupuy Formation, a geologic layer a mile beneath Barrow that contains a saline aquifer.

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The cold waters mean a large temperature contrast between the land and ocean -- conditions that favor the formation of a strong inversion layer that traps smog over cities, such as the Los Angeles, Calif.

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For regeneration to continue, stem cells from both the bone marrow and the heart itself must be coaxed to grow a second layer of tissue that is necessary for the formation of arteries, which are bigger and thicker than capillaries.

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