The authors draw on the 2011 Wolf review which called for a radical shake-up of vocational education, saying that too many vocational courses had little or no labour market value and would not lead to university or a job.
That is going to be a result of the side effects of the combination of the globalisation of economy and all the social changes that have diminished the value of human labour and diminished the value of people's relationships and their symbiotic relationships with land.
Among the untrained, those with the lowest value labour to offer.
The unit labour costs that is, the amount that had to be paid for labour relative to the value of the goods produced with it.
"It's because Tony Blair's philosophy and politics and rhetoric was coming across so clearly, that Labour did not respect and value pensioners, and the 75p from wretched Gordon Brown was just a confirmation of what pensioners were already picking up, in the rhetoric that Labour was choosing to employ, " said Mr Willetts.
Many of her Labour colleagues have long questioned the value of Free Personal Care for the elderly, noting that, by definition, it benefits the relatively affluent (I stress, relatively) who would not otherwise receive support.
David Blunkett, former education secretary who in 2000 introduced Labour's proposals for increasing the value of vocational education and qualifications, said he disapproved of the whole climate being created around vocational subjects.
Moreover, the booming stockmarket has helped to hold down labour costs: the increase in the value of pension funds' assets means that employers have been able to reduce their payments into defined-benefits pension plans.
Buying them from China and Russia (and other countries) to ship them to the US where that high tech, highly paid, labour makes the high tech, high value added, part of the light bulbs which is then shipped off all around the world, to China, Japan, Germany, Holland, the Czech Republic and any number of other places to be finally made into the light bulbs.
In services, foreign-owned companies generated double the value added per worker, and had labour costs 30% higher.
If the new treatment centres hit a raw nerve for many Labour members, the charge that they represent poor value for money is just as painful for ministers.
The pay that a worker can receive for their labour is limited, at the upper end, by the value of what they produce.
Labour accused Mr Cameron of threatening the long-term stability people value from secure tenancy.
His comments were seized on by Labour, who accused him of threatening the long-term stability people value from secure tenancy.
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It has happened because rich-world companies have replaced workers with new technology to boost productivity and shifted production from labour-intensive products such as textiles to higher-tech, higher value-added, sectors such as pharmaceuticals.
Mr Blomfield, Labour MP for Sheffield Central, said this research provided evidence of the economic value of overseas students.
But the oil-service firms will get only the book value of their assets, paid in government bonds and with deductions for any labour or environmental liabilities the government adduces.
But purchasing equipment does not automatically add anything to economic value-added, once you have given credit to the original manufacturer for his labour and profit in the item.
The Audit Commission's report warned the Labour-controlled council it must improve in its compliance with contract procedure rules, demonstrating good value for money, reporting to elected members and dealing with whistleblowers.
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The cut in the duration and value of benefits may do something to improve the supply side of Germany's labour market, encouraging people to look for jobs rather than subsisting on state pay-outs.
David Pritchard, an American academic and consultant who has studied both companies, says that Airbus must now send more basic work to cheap-labour countries in Asia with currencies tied to the dollar, keeping only high-added-value stuff and final assembly in Europe.
In our view, the problem is more exactly the internalisation of shareholder value pressures, and to illustrate the point we present below a kind of thought experiment about a different Apple (without shareholder value) which was willing to accept lower margins and employ more US blue collar labour.
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Like other manufacturers in China, Hon Hai faces rising labour costs, though it is better placed than most. (Mr Yang reckons that labour accounts for only 4.5% of the cost of goods sold.) A move up the value chain may help.
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