This approach, like other areas of New Labour policy (see article), owes much to the work of behaviourists.
Mr Simpson added that it would be "utter stupidity" if the government reneged on its commitment made at the Labour Policy Forum in Warwick in July.
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If it did so it would mean a break with past Labour policy - the then Prime Minister Tony Blair committed the party to a like-for-like replacement in 2006.
But for others, the move may be seen as a bold - and strategically wise - attempt to defend the carefully constructed and heavily politicised system of collective bargaining, which has been at the heart of South African labour policy since the end of apartheid and which has, over the past few weeks, seemed on the brink of collapse.
Moving benefit recipients from welfare to work, a sound Tory (and indeed Labour) policy, will also be pursued.
The balance between social rights and individual responsibility appears to be more fairly balanced In New Labour social policy than it does with the Conservatives.
In an interview for The Economist website, Mr Darling adds that, as far as he is concerned, the fiscal strategy he embraced (halving the deficit in the four years from 2010) remains Labour Party policy.
If base wage levels for workers cannot go up, says Yoji Tatsui, a director in the labour-policy co-ordination division at the Japanese Trade Union Confederation, then companies should at least try to bring pay for part-timers who do similar jobs closer to that of their full-time counterparts.
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We do not need changes in labour laws and policy to elicit sacrifice from organised labour, as some economists have suggested.
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The detail of Labour's policy on incorporation of the European Convention owes much to Liberty, another pressure group.
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But economic and labour-market policy would be co-ordinated, and foreign and defence policy would be ceded to the federation.
Mr Smith said the latest job cuts and loss of services were a consequence of Labour reversing the policy.
Mr Hague seems genuinely to think he can score party points by portraying it all as a Labour foreign-policy fiasco.
The shadow education secretary, Theresa May, said this amounted to an admission that Labour's policy was creating problems for older children.
Labour said its policy was to make the subject compulsory to 18.
"It's important that all members of the shadow cabinet play their full role in explaining and defending Labour's policy and approach, " he said.
Not directly, for Europe ranks quite low on voters' lists of concerns and Labour's policy towards it is anyway almost identical to Mr Major's.
The proposal is being considered as part of Labour's policy review.
Sir George Young replied that there had been three opposition debates on the Health Bill - which is in its final stages in the Lords - but he still "hadn't the faintest idea" what Labour's policy on health was.
In the same interview he insists that Labour's policy is not confused - they are committed to fight cuts that are too far and too fast now, whilst being realistic about the fact that they cannot promise to reverse any of them before they can find the money to do so.
Set up after the 1997 election, the policy forum - which meets in private - has taken over as Labour's key policy-making body.
The Labour leader said the policy pledge would be one of five key election messages.
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Labour's haphazard policy-making thus contributed to the mess that the commission had to sort out.
And they applauded his comment that Labour's foreign policy should be "based on values, not just alliances".
As it stands, this is a policy which Labour can easily characterise as a subsidy for the well-off.
And calls for trade union legislation to be revisited were defeated at Labour's national policy forum in the summer.
These differences herald a broader debate over Labour's economic policy that will probably unfold in a future leadership race.
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