Dr. Gay then reached out to Dr. Persaud and Dr. Katherine Luzuriaga of the University of Massachusetts to perform laboratory studies to help understand what had happened with this toddler.
Concern about possible dire health effects from using cell phones stems in large part from the publicizing of certain results from human and laboratory studies as well as from stories about individuals who developed a brain tumor after years of cell phone use.
There are some studies that suggest harm in laboratory animals, but larger subsequent studies have failed to confirm any of these earlier findings of harm in lab animals, and there are no studies showing any harm in humans under normal consumer use.
West Angle Bay, on the southern shore of Milford Haven, faces directly out to the mid-channel rock where the Empress foundered and has also been used for many years as a living laboratory by the nearby Orielton Field Studies centre.
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The problem is that it is difficult to conduct studies of RF in the laboratory using cells and animal models.
Several studies conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee in the past few years have suggested using natural gas to jump-start the hydrogen economy.
But the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) argues that these studies were mainly conducted in the laboratory and do not accurately reflect field conditions.
The relevant email was sent to Rick Piltz, a UCAR employee at the time, and copied to Michael Mann, Pennsylvania State University, James Hansen and Gavin Schmidt, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, Benjamin Santer, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the late Steven Schneider, Stanford University, and several other very prominent climate scientists.
Johns Hopkins University's Applied Physics Laboratory, a leading space research center, recently conducted feasibility studies into junk-zapping lasers and garbage-collecting rockets.
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"We've got the black holes cornered, " said Daniel Stern of Nasa's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), lead author of one of the three studies presented on Wednesday.
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Studies on people have left more questions than answers, and laboratory experiments have failed to pin down a plausible mechanism whereby weak magnetic fields could trigger the disease.
The Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change, which maintains a database on field and laboratory experiments measuring plant growth responses to CO2-enriched environments has reported 45 studies that have examined effects on the garden tomato (lycopersicon eculentum).
Sassan Saatchi, who works at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, and his collaborators have combined such data with the results of other studies on the ground and with a wider range of satellite images.
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Past studies typically measured people's appetite for risk by asking them to make choices in a laboratory setting between receiving a set amount of cash and playing a lottery with varying odds of winning different amounts of money.
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