Another common example might involve an application for regulatory permission to market a new pharmaceutical, where there is an arguable error or even falsehood, but where the officer has no actual knowledge of the error or falsehood.

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And does the chief information officer, or head of knowledge management, work for the providers of thought leadership, or do they work for her?

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But on Monday, the white noise machine was activated without the prior knowledge of the judge or the courtroom security officer.

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In the second half of 2010, September, Nokia (NOK) named Stephen Elop, a former Microsoft (MSFT) employee and someone with a strong knowledge of the US software market, as its newest chief executive officer.

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"We've seen the growing popularity of communication apps on smartphones but we believe we've gone one better with Tu Me using our knowledge and insights of how people use their devices, " said Telefonica Digital's chief commercial officer Stephen Shurrock.

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One credit officer in a Chinese bank says that far more important than any aggregate statistic is lenders' intimate knowledge of the thick, extraordinarily rich, slice of buyers who can weather a downturn.

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