However, most of the task can be accomplished without any knowledge of mathematics and computers.

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The technology revolution increased the need for people with knowledge of science, mathematics and engineering, but the number of degrees granted in these hard majors is roughly stagnant.

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Computers have retrieved the mythologizing of numbers, attribution of mystical powers to mathematics, and cultivation of esoteric knowledge.

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For secondary level there are two exams which certify the completion of first or second level, and assess knowledge on mathematics, social and natural sciences and philosophy (the number and content of subjects varies per level).

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"Timbuktu in the 14th to the 16th century was an important university city where many manuscripts referring to knowledge of astronomy, economy, religion, mathematics, physics, and medicine were produced, " said Lazare Eloundou, chief of the Africa unit for UNESCO's World Heritage Center.

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"Today's results are evidence that we must better equip our schools to improve the knowledge and skills of America's students in mathematics, " he said.

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The mathematics is just fine: the knowledge of the financial markets, well, not so much.

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