Kabul imploded: electricity disappeared from the city, police vanished, government services ceased, Kabul University closed.

NEWYORKER: After America

Other speakers at the opening ceremony included Mr. Stephen King, representative of the BBC, the Rector of Kabul University, Dr. Akbar Popal, and the President of the Academy of Sciences, Dr. Abdul Bari Rashid.

UNESCO: Communication and Information

The army also needs funds for infrastructure, such as a sprawling Afghanistan Defence University now being built on the edge of Kabul.

ECONOMIST: Afghanistan's troubled national army

The university had barely begun to recover from the impact of the fighting when the Taleban took control of Kabul - and the campus along with it - five years ago.

BBC: Studying history at Kabul University