In 2012, Bank of Cyprus PCL, the largest Cypriot bank, converted its U.K. branch into a subsidiary under pressure from U.K. authorities.
In the U.K. where regulatory pressure has already led to substantial deleveraging, bank lending has slumped, borrowing costs have risen, the economy has flat-lined and bank shares have crashed.
The U.K. government has come under mounting pressure from business associations and some U.K. lawmakers, angry at the increasingly aggressive rhetoric coming out of Washington.
The major banks and financial institutions in the U.S. and the U.K. are suffering under pressure from lawsuits, depressed stock prices, and investigations in-house, at the legislative level, and by prosecutors and other regulatory agencies.
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Hester's refusal of his award could put some pressure on other U.K. CEOs to forgo or scale back bonuses.
What's more, members of the bank's Monetary Policy Committee have made it clear during the past couple of weeks that yet more bond-buying could be in the cards when the current round ends, especially if the euro-zone crisis keeps pressure on the U.K. economy.
Some factors to look out for: the country's general election, which is likely to see a change in government to the right-wing Conservative party, and more pressure to reduce the U.K.'s budget deficit, potentially leading to higher interest rates.
Geologists have found huge deposits in the U.K. and Poland, yet the entire international pressure-pumping fleet outside of Russia is just 2 million hp, Pursell says.
"In the year ahead, food retailing is going to be under severe price pressure as all the main U.K. supermarkets strive for market share by cutting price, " said Cantor Fitzgerald's chief global equity strategist, Stephen Pope.
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As political pressure continued to mount, in the U.K. and the U.S., it became apparent to company executives that those actions weren't enough, one of the people familiar with the matter said.
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In the sovereign debt space, which is government bonds, the debt ratings of developed countries remain under pressure for downgrading, including in the U.K., France and as we all know now, here in the U.S. But emerging markets, which have enjoyed back-to-back years of credit rating upgrades are seeing those upgrade numbers dwindle, with some negative outlooks in some developing nations.
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Representatives from emerging-market economies are expected to voice concerns that bond-buying programs in Japan, the U.S. and U.K. have flooded the world economy with newly printed money, putting upward pressure on currencies in developing markets and making their exports less competitive.
Ms. Hightower said she was willing to consider the U.K.'s new model, in which government funds compensate athletes, reducing the pressure to race before the Olympic Games.
Advertising is under pressure, notes the analyst, from declining readership and reduced advertising prices in the U.K. and Australia.
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