Moreover, Jewish opinion in Europe was divided between Zionism and other streams of Jewish identity during the whole of the 20th century.
Zionism has been a central feature of Jewish identity for 3, 500 years.
In 2007 Knaster and other Russian Jewish billionaires formed the Genesis Philanthropy Group, a foundation that promotes Jewish identity among Russian-speaking Jews worldwide.
Bravely, he concentrates on popular arts, especially musical theatre, songwriting and drama, in which a writer's Jewish identity was often suppressed or sublimated.
However, even in some important elements of the mainstream, Jews are still being questioned whether their Jewish identity does not contradict their national identity.
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Is Jewish identity to be the property of an ultra-orthodox minority?
Aware that a one-state solution would undermine the Jewish identity of Israel, frustrated Palestinian officials increasingly warn that they may abandon their quest for statehood and push for that instead.
Most chapters hinge on an idea or character, beginning with Mr. Hitchens's mother, an emotionally volatile figure who hid her Jewish identity from her family, and his father, a commander in Britain's Royal Navy.
And in the midst of their take-no-prisoners attitude toward those who would deny their right to existence, one can also find a few satirical nods to tried and true archetypes of Jewish identity and tradition.
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Moreover, unlike some travel writers he is refreshingly honest about the tricks he plays, reflecting harshly on the moral weakness that leads him, briefly, to feign a Jewish identity in order to win the trust of the surviving Jews of Bukhara.
Two surveys released last year by the American Jewish Committee and Brandeis University's Cohen Center for Modern Jewish Studies showed that three quarters of American Jews care deeply about Israel and that Israel is an important part of their Jewish identity.
He talks about how the rebellious boy grew to accept his Jewish religion and identity.
But for much of the past 15 years, the full expanse of Jewish history and identity was narrowed to a discussion of isolated neighborhoods, as if they were what this is all about.
Obama sought souls that would understand him and take in the simple message: You are strong enough to make peace with the Palestinians, grant them an independent state, and in this way you will not lose the Jewish, democratic identity of your state.
The second, perhaps more plausible, explanation is that Jewish leaders are concerned that their fellow American Jews are more attached to their identity as Democrats than they are to their identity as Jews.
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