Formal contract law and a sophisticated judicial system form one institutional foundation for capitalism in the United States and Britain.
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As an Organization in the United Nations system with an institutional mandate for sport, UNESCO has promoted the development of the International Convention against Doping in Sport, which was the first legal instrument against doping worldwide.
UNESCO: All Events | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Pipeline, a stock and options institutional trading venue, has launched a system that will help match investors with a block trade.
But the biggest online threat to traditional exchanges is likely to be OptiMark, a trading system designed for big, institutional investors, due to open its virtual doors on January 29th.
Neither side understands very well the political and institutional constraints in the other's system, and both are inclined to assume the other is more strategic, centralized and internally disciplined than it is.
Even when institutional investors like pension funds try to work within the system, using their significant, long-term shareholder standing to exert influence on corporate boards, they have been turned back.
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"To the extent that booms may engender excess leverage in systemically sensitive parts of our financial system, we need to ensure that regulations and institutional structures are designed to enhance market discipline in ways that keep risk-taking under control, " the official said.
The answer is for organizations to develop the institutional frameworks to replace traditional structures and forms of governance and establish a more human operating system in which governance, culture and leadership systems are harmonized and synchronized.
Activist institutional shareholders are still rare in Germany, not least because the country lacks a properly funded pension system.
This will allow the institutional investors that dominate the bond market to trade directly with each other through a sophisticated order-matching system, operated under the auspices of the Boston Stock Exchange.
That institutional insecurity, says Alan Paller, researcher director of the SANS Institute, is the result of a private contractor system that actually rewards insecure coding.
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