Since 1990, cards to enter Singapore Polytechnic's Japan-Singapore Institute of Software Technology double as time cards, recording how long users have been on the premises.
The problem boils down to an oversight in the regulations for government software set by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, says Wysopal.
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The Gemological Institute of America, for example, is devising software to enable retailers and consumers to compare diamonds of different cuts by grading the cut automatically.
Last August, Griffith, a graduate student at the California Institute of Technology, released a simple piece of software code that tore the lid of secrecy off the anonymous community of volunteers who edit the nonprofit encyclopedia.
Jonathan Downey, founder of Y Combinator-backed Airware, says he had the rough idea for the drone software company before graduating from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2006.
"This is just the first generation of filmmakers embracing computers and software, " says Ian Calderon , director of digital initiatives at the Sundance Institute .
It is also supported by Electronic Arts and the Entertainment Software Association and is a project of Institute of Play, a non-profit design studio that works at the intersection of games and learning.
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The team is working with the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETHZ), which has developed a software package for quickly creating large-scale virtual environments in particular cities, in various degrees of detail, called CityEngine.
To analyse the new material, researchers at the University of Queensland's Global Change Institute are using image recognition software to identify the creatures recorded in the photographs, and 3D-modelling programmes to monitor how the habitats change over time.
An engineer from the elite Indian Institute of Technology, he started his career as a low-paid software engineer at a time when India's outsourcing industry was still to take off.
As part of their participation, each member obtains usage rights for all the innovations (e.g. algorithms, software, patents) created by every participant of the Institute.
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