Mr Vedral's professional interests lie in quantum computing and quantum information science, which use the laws of quantum mechanics respectively to build powerful computers and render codes unbreakable.

ECONOMIST: Information theory

"Smart builds upon the existing concept of 'smart cities', physical spaces which are covered in an array of intelligent sensors which communicate with each other and can be searched for information, " said Dr Iadh Ounis of the University of Glasgow's School of Computing Science.

BBC: Researchers work on smart city search engine