The indirect impact on consumer and business confidence is harder to assess.

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They also have an indirect impact via the wealth effect, as consumers increase their spending in response to improvement in their balance-sheets (see article).

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In the U.S., the WEF notes, the avoidable indirect impact of chronic diseases, due for example to productivity losses through disability, unplanned absences and increased accidents, is four times the direct costs of healthcare coverage.

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Deutsche Bank economist Carl Riccadonna argued that the large indirect growth impact of the housing market will shore up softness elsewhere.

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The first, and still the biggest, impact is indirect.

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Beyond this direct impact, we know that charitable activities yield indirect dividends in many ways.

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The only connection with improving health I could make was very indirect, yet I could see the psychological and financial impact on our most vulnerable fellow citizens was huge.

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The impact on the banking sector in the U.S. will be indirect and less significant though.

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Even if the direct impact on the world economy of higher oil prices is modest, the indirect effects could be larger.

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This reduction will impact approximately 700 employees, largely as a result of a restructuring focused on indirect costs.

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