Mr. Zuckerberg convinced Mr. Systrom that Instragram would be stronger under the Facebook umbrella than operating as an independent player.

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After displaying any concussion symptoms, the player must be analyzed by an independent neurologist as well as his team physician.

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Separately, the player was suspended from bowling in January after independent analysis of his action revealed his off-break and faster deliveries exceeded the 15 degrees level of tolerance permitted under regulations.

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In the union lawyers' world, every player would enter the league as an unrestricted free agent, an independent contractor free to sell his services to any team.

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Analysts think that company's operator could also be the extra "fifth player" that gets bought out if T-Mobile manages to remain independent.

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If Gasquet exercises his right to a hearing, an independent anti-doping tribunal will be held, ordinarily within 60 days of the player's request.

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The independent three-man panel consisted of a former referee, a former manager and a former player.

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