It subsumes the income-transfer scheme that was the heart of Fome Zero (zero hunger), initially touted by Lula as his government's trademark.
The income-transfer programmes link up to form a rudimentary safety net.
It invested some 3 billion reais in sanitation over two years and beefed up income transfer: Bolsa-Escola now reaches some 5m families.
The committee generally also studies another monthly indicator of economy-wide activity, personal income less transfer payments, in real terms, adjusted for price changes.
If the earned-income tax credit (a cash transfer to the working poor) were included, 2.4m children would have been lifted out of poverty.
On item 1: There is a big difference between a safety net that prevents starvation and homelessness and income transfer programs that provide middle-class comforts to people who for whatever reason did not earn them in the private economy.
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By shifting income from high-tax to low-tax countries through transfer pricing, using hybrid entities that are treated as corporations in some countries and flow-through entities in others, stripping profits from high-tax countries through intracompany financing, repatriating under favorable tax conditions, and other tax avoidance mechanisms, multinationals mitigate the impact of being headquartered in a high-tax state.
Ultimately, where you decide to put your money may depend less on your age--though that is a consideration--and more on your income level, need for liquidity and wealth transfer plans.
Alimony to an ex-spouse may seem like income to the recipient, but is actually just a transfer.
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While most of the poorest are nowadays covered by government cash-transfer programmes, those in the third to the fifth deciles of income distribution are now at risk of falling into poverty, Mr Levy says.
The significantly higher tax base that would result under lower capital income taxes means that such a reform would be deficit-neutral, provided that either transfer payments were reduced by less than 2% of GDP or a national consumption tax of less than 3% were adopted.
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Hopefully, in addition to income and alternative minimum tax planning, planning will integrate and encompass estate, gift, generation-skipping transfer, and state and local taxes as well.
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This bill would require consistent valuation for transfer and income tax purposes, modify the rules on valuation discounts, and require 10-year minimum term for Grantor Retained Annuity Trusts (GRATS).
Despite gigantic debt-fueled government transfer payments, Americans are suffering from a five-year stagnation in inflation-adjusted disposable income, which is expected to continue into 2014.
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