Such tax credits do not have the incentive effects of rate cuts explained above.

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Quite apart from incentive effects, progressive taxation has contributed to hideous complexity in the tax code.

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Too bad Lefty will no longer help educate the lefties on the incentive effects of marginal tax rates.

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And that is with static scoring, failing to take into account the pro-growth incentive effects of the lower rates.

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But during the 1970s, the interest and concern shifted to the incentive effects that did or did not produce more wealth.

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If the incentive effects of performance-related pay for ordinary folk are unproven, the effect of stock options is even harder to demonstrate.

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But their static analysis never accounts for the negative incentive effects of the tax increases, and the resulting drag on the economy.

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Unless the incentive effects of regulation and the pricing of insurance and guarantees are taken into account, we will just be kicking our problems down the road.

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In any case, progress in averting the fiscal cliff will depend on one side acknowledging the need for more tax revenue and the other side acknowledging the negative incentive effects of higher marginal tax rates.

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Neel Sundaresan, a senior director at the labs, says the economists are analyzing the incentive effects of free shipping, the profit impact of including more photos on sellers' listings and the ability of reputable sellers to extract a premium from buyers.

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