This turns off a whole bunch of processes in the liver, including those that make cholesterol.
Liver problems are a common problem for cholesterol drugs, because the body makes cholesterol in the liver.
Most approved cholesterol-lowering drugs belong to a class of medicines called statins, which work in the liver.
One big disadvantage of Isis' drugs is that they collect in the liver, potentially causing side effects.
But it also caused diarrhea and a buildup of fat in the liver, which could mean liver damage.
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Statins work to stop the production of cholesterol in the liver by blocking an enzyme called HMG-CoA reductase.
The virus lodges in the liver and often causes few symptoms for decades.
As a result, the fat accumulates in the liver, spleen and bone marrow, causing bone damage, anemia and possibly death.
This accumulates in the liver, said Dr. Robin Blackstone, surgeon and medical director of Scottsdale Healthcare Bariatric Center in Arizona.
Also, most of the statins have been designed to collect in the liver, where much of the body's cholesterol is produced.
This enzyme helps break down chemicals already present in the liver into which in a whole class of molecules called isoprenoids.
This is the build up of the digestive juice bile in the liver caused by a blockage to the bile ducts.
Some malaria parasites remain in the liver, dormant, and thereby escape treatment.
Bile -- produced in the liver -- is stored in the gallbladder and aids in the digestion of fats in the small intestine.
Giving their drug to the mice produced a 10-fold decrease in the number of "viable bacteria" in the liver and spleen, they said.
Prevalent in the UK, the US and Australia, obesity is linked to diabetes, which can be connected to a build up of fat in the liver.
They pointed out that sufferers are often put on drugs particularly Prozac and similar anti-depressants which are broken down in the liver and actually make the odour worse.
The only problem: So far there is no evidence that lowering cholesterol with Zetia is the same as it is when using one of the older drugs, which work in the liver.
Work by Dr. Gershon and others has shown that serotonin is necessary for the repair of cells in the liver and lungs, and plays a role in normal heart development and bone-mass accumulation.
The question facing the drug was always whether lowering cholesterol with Zetia was the same as lowering it the same amount with the older medicines that work in the liver, known as statins.
This year, when Tularik prepared to move into late-stage, or phase-III, trials for T67, it decided that it would make more sense to use a higher dose of the chemical in the liver cancer patients.
He said it had previously been thought that infection levels at the time when a mosquito bites were too small to trigger an immune response, which only came once the parasites started multiplying in the liver.
Kynamro carries a Boxed Warning on the serious risk of liver toxicity because it is associated with liver enzyme abnormalities and accumulation of fat in the liver, which could lead to progressive liver disease with chronic use.
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Aside from restrictions placed on it by the FDA (for instance, it will be sold only through a single mail order pharmacy), the drug causes the buildup of fat in the liver, a warning sign that it may also cause liver damage.
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They did, though, give a warm response to N-acetyl-cysteine - an amino acid supplement sold in health food stores, thought to work by increasing the body's ability to mop up destructive chemicals which build up in the liver as enzymes break down ethanol.
The CHMP was also concerned by liver test results in patients taking Kynamro showing a build-up of fat in the liver and increased enzyme levels, and was not convinced that the company had proposed sufficient measures to prevent the risk of irreversible liver damage.
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Dr Mundy said this could be because statins are designed to zero in on the liver when taken orally.
All the cases in the scandal concern liver patients, and all but one of the alleged manipulations took place in 2010 and 2011.
If swallowed, the poison can in a matter of days shut down the liver and other organs, resulting in death, according to the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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