After 30 months, 98 women became infected with HIV - 38 in the group that got tenofovir in the gel and 60 in the group that got placebos.
Silica gel is put through a carefully controlled drying process that turns the liquid in the gel into gas.
The molecules are then sorted according to their length by using an electric current to drag them through a gel (small molecules move faster than big ones) and the order of the colours in the gel is read off, using a laser.
Tissue living in the gel can then receive oxygen and nutrients through the hollow pipes.
ENGADGET: Researchers use 3D printer, sugar, to create a fake artery network for lab-grown tissue
Through these incisions, they used a miniature cutting and vacuum device to remove the gel in the middle of the eye and replaced it with saline.
Toshiyuki Nakagaki of the Bio-Mimetic Control Research Centre, Nagoya, Japan, placed pieces of the slime mould Physarum polycephalum in an agar gel maze comprising four possible routes.
But for a label to justify the expense of promoting an artist, the singer and song have to gel in a way that will connect with the audience, she said.
He said he was so panicked that while he was aware he had the gel in a pocket, he forgot he also had a drink in his hand and walked out of the store.
The FDA restricted the use of silicone-gel implants in 1992 - only women participating in clinical trials are allowed to have them.
Hadas has transformed the symptoms of menopause into a company that is creating manufacturing jobs in Rhode Island (the cases) and in Pennsylvania (the gel packs).
This year he showed how, by injecting the cells into a matrix made from silica nanotubes wrapped in a sol-gel, he was able to keep a cell alive for six months.
The two-and-a-half-year-old CAPRISA trial followed nearly 900 HIV-negative, sexually active South African women between ages 18 and 40 to determine how safe and effective tenofovir gel was in preventing HIV infection.
The research team uses a RepRap 3D printer and a custom extruder head to print a filament network composed of sucrose, glucose and dextran which is later encased in a bio-gel containing living cells.
ENGADGET: Researchers use 3D printer, sugar, to create a fake artery network for lab-grown tissue
The company expects to develop branding for its Sol-Gel product in the same way that 3M (nyse: MMM - news - people ) has with Scotchgard and Intel (nasdaq: INTC - news - people ) with PCs.
Sandia flew him to Battelle labs in Columbus, Ohio, where he proved in front of the then reigning world sol-gel expert that his paper creation worked in real life.
The gel will be marketed in the U.S. under the name Vasalgel, though, as I mentioned, it has a series of hurdles to overcome first.
In the latest experiments, the nanofiber gel appeared to strengthen these weak areas of the heart.
In their bathroom, tubes of hair gel, hair spray bottles, flatirons, blow-dryers, brushes and makeup compacts battled for counter space, with bobby pin casualties scattered on the floor.
Chimenti and Santella started out making the gel pads one by one in their tour bus, but soon wised up and hired a manufacturer and distributor after obtaining a patent.
But the pair have failed to gel and after a honeymoon period in which they won the final Test against South Africa and the one-day series 4-0, England flopped in the Stanford Super Series in Antigua before losing the one-dayers and Tests in India.
Their first step was to bring in Procida, who quickly connected them with a gel maker and an endorsing doctor.
Despite being red, it sits very easily in the room because there are enough elements that gel with the neutral walls: a wooden coffee table, cane shades, brass and silver lighting.
In the 70s, I may have occasionally put gel upon my hair, smeared mascara upon my eyes and arranged a sneer upon my lip, but I was really a middle-class grammar school boy masquerading as part-time punk.
This type of color gel processing didn't take off in the early 20th century due to the mechanical complexity, and it would have been inferior to a chemical process since each frame carried only one-third of the full color information.
ENGADGET: World's oldest color film footage discovered in museum archive (video)
Dr Michel Alary, an Aids specialist in the department of medicine at Laval University and the Saint-Sacrement Hospital Research Centre, said that the extremely high temperatures in sub-Saharan African countries could prevent the gel working there if it requires room temperature to be effective.
The gel is usually used as a thickening agent in toothpaste, ice cream and baby milk.
The non-oxynol nine gel, was based on one already used in condoms as a spermicide.
The process doesn't collapse the gel's structure, as would happen in normal evaporation.
The men push one another in their haste to get in, snatching the phials of medicated shampoo and shower gel offered by the hassled charity workers and clamouring for clean clothes and underwear.
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