In formal terms, the consumer has an incentive to spend until the marginal benefit of additional spending, or additional health care is zero, so different from an efficient market, where consumers spend until the marginal benefit is equal to the marginal cost.

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On the other hand, suppose that Company A describes the invention in detail (or in more formal terms, provides a disclosure) at a trade show, before a disclosure or a filing by the second company.

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Plus, while policies in the formal economy are relatively strong in terms of supporting families, those in the informal economy remain unprotected.

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In terms of formal logic, the problems are the same.

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However, I will register my formal protest with the market, in terms of a token position, if Apple hits the number-two slot.

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He claimed he had acted in self-defence, but was given a formal warning that his actions had breached the terms of his release.

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So civil servants have been dusting off their manuals on what to do in case of a hung parliament, and the Lib Dems elaborately refuse to set out the terms on which they would co-operate with either main party in a formal coalition or an informal alliance.

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