Dr Sindi also founded Sonoptix Technology, Cambridge, with Saudi Arabian seed funding, and led the development of a cost effective measurement technology for application in clinical diagnostics.

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The first application, currently in clinical development, is to treat interstitial cystitis (IC), a painful bladder disease in women that forces them to urinate every 10 minutes.

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Geron has submitted a 22, 000 page submission to the Food and Drug Administration - the body which approves clinical trials in the US - the largest application on record.

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However, given the uncertainty regarding the accuracy of the data, and the inability to validate the collection of data, readers should be cautioned in the application of the findings of these manuscripts to clinical practice.

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Boston Scientific released positive clinical trial results last month and is in the process of preparing to submit application for approval for its device in Europe.

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Researchers found a 20% improvement in progression to advanced AMD with the replacement, said Emily Chew, deputy director of epidemiology and clinical application for the National Eye Institute, a branch of the National Institutes of Health.

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Dr Richard Bojar, principal research fellow at the skin research centre, said there had been an explosion in the number of different bacteria identified because of better technology, but it did not necessarily have a clinical application.

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