For several decades it resulted in higher wages and continuously improving working conditions for the employees and financial success for the big three automakers.

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However, De Raeve believes the United States can serve as an example for Europe, as President Barack Obama's administration has committed to improving working conditions.

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And they compete by raising wages and improving working conditions.

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He said the government was committed to improving the working conditions of fighter pilots.

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The second implication is that the future increasing shortage of labour will lead to wages and working conditions improving again: whether unions exist or not.

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