Vale also highlights its support for an extensive monitoring operation in the forest run by the Brazilian Government's conservation agency ICMBio - so we checked with the agency to get their perspective.

BBC: Forests and caves of iron: An Amazon dilemma

Frederico Drumond Martins of ICMBio is the manager of the national forest and agrees that Vale is trying to be greener - for example, he says, he only has 12 rangers but Vale pays for a further 80, plus cars, boats and the use of a helicopter, all vital to guard against illegal logging and poaching.

BBC: Forests and caves of iron: An Amazon dilemma

The final solution came when, in 2008, IPHAN resumed work under the supervision of architect Cristina Lodi and succeeded, in an unprecedented way, orchestrating a set of agents that were decisive for the result: besides IPHAN itself, ICMBio, the government of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the Rio de Janeiro City Hall, the private sector, led by the Association of Entrepreneurs Friends of UNESCO, and Roberto Marinho Foundation.

UNESCO: World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP)