In a project within the International Polar Year called Igliniit, Inuit hunters recorded their observations of wildlife, sea ice, weather or other environmental phenomena as they travelled across the land.
Another project involved the establishment of daily ice and weather observations by indigenous monitors in Alaska, Canada and Russian Chukotka, thus providing an uninterrupted record of indigenous observations covering four consecutive ice seasons.
For example, scientists can tell by the way ice crystallizes what the weather and temperature was like thousands of years ago in ice core samples from polar regions.
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Snowfall is due for parts of England, Wales and Scotland over the weekend, as the Met Office issues "be aware" weather warnings for ice and snow.
He is paid to measure the thickness of the winter ice, ocean currents and weather patterns in and around Grise Fiord for research institutions in Toronto and Vancouver.
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He calls the Bering Sea his garden, but Tungiyan describes how changing weather is affecting the ice and the ocean.
So the real controversy is what minimum level of solar energy at 65N is the threshold for the descent into an ice age and how unstable the weather becomes near that threshold.
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People living in Lochaber are being encouraged to plan for severe weather events as snow and ice disrupts power and travel in many parts of Scotland.
At the high point of the weather someone was even eating an ice cream.
"The Met Office is warning of widespread ice this morning, " said BBC Wales weather presenter Sue Charles.
The changes in the weather create a crust of hard ice over the lichen, preventing the reindeer from eating.
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The question then becomes, well, what happens then: when the ice melts and albedo lowers, when warmer weather and higher CO2 increase plant growth, what happens to clouds and so on through a list of hundreds of possible feedbacks.
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At the board's hearing in May, the NTSB will look into a number of topics, including the effect of ice on the aircraft's performance, cold weather operations, the crew's experience and sleep issues.
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She takes into consideration weather and wind conditions, avoiding snow, ice and high winds.
Appropriately, given the cold weather, it will take place at Dundee Ice Arena.
They will trek between nine and 13 miles each day in extreme weather conditions and encounter vast crevasses, moving ice-shelves, glaciers and snow storms.
In the middle of November, a freakish weather pattern set in howling wind with ice in its teeth.
Still, that ice mass was about 16 inches thick Monday, and the weather can change quickly in Minnesota.
That new ice will often be fragile and thin, easily disrupted by summer weather.
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But scientists say the ice around the Antarctic Peninsula is disintegrating at unprecedented rates and blame warmer weather.
There was none in Indianapolis, a city that may have been an atypical choice for a Super Bowl but ran an organized, efficient event (and unlike ice-buried Dallas in 2010, had the fortune of unseasonably warm weather).
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Such ice cores hold detailed information on the last 100, 000 years of Antarctic weather.
The National Weather Service predicts accumulations of up to a quarter-inch of ice across portions of Georgia, Tennessee, Virginia and the Carolinas.
The Olympic torch did not burn properly during the opening ceremony, an ice-making machine broke down as did several buses, and unseasonably mild weather caused events to be postponed.
Today, US military weather satellites return daily data on the state of the sea-ice at both poles, but the NSIDC team is keen to retrieve as much information as possible from the early, experimental Nasa Earth-observers.
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The weather turned out to be horrible and the route menaced by rock and ice fall.
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The UK is in the grip of its longest cold snap for almost 30 years, and extreme or severe weather warnings are still in place across the UK for both snow and ice.
Weather Service meteorologist Todd Heitkamp in Sioux Falls said that office had reports of ice accumulations from one-quarter of an inch up to nearly half an inch, leading to power outages and widespread tree damage.
Weather stations, ocean measurements, decreases in snow cover, reductions in Arctic sea ice, longer growing seasons, balloon measurements, boreholes and satellites all show results consistent with the surface record of warming.
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