The ICCS assessment framework consisted of two main elements: one pertaining to civic and citizenship education itself, the other to contextual factors.

UNESCO: Article on assesment

As the research questions indicate, ICCS did not look only into civic knowledge learning outcomes, which are relevant to research questions 1 and 2, but also at learner attitudes and behaviour (question 3) and perceptions (question 4).

UNESCO: Article on assesment