The carbon combines with the hydrogen in water to make carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas--the old "town gas"--but then the catalyst prompts a rejiggering of the atoms into methane (one carbon atom attached to four hydrogen atoms).
The ultimate goal is to produce an efficient way of extracting hydrogen from water.
The robot is powered by heat-producing chemical reactions between the oxygen and hydrogen in water and the platinum on its surface.
Hyperpolarisation not only compensates for the low density of the gas (the 3He is 10, 000 times more polarised than the hydrogen in water), it also allows images to be taken rapidly enough to avoid any blurring due to a patient's natural tendency to breathe.
He thus put together a collection of apparatus that would not have disgraced the set of a mad-scientist horror film, and filled it with a mixture of methane, ammonia, hydrogen and water vapour that matched contemporary ideas of what the primitive terrestrial atmosphere had been composed of.
Great, but what did it cost to extract hydrogen from that water, and how much does the electrolyzer cost?
Run a car on hydrogen and pure water drips out the tail pipe.
Neutrons ejected from a watery surface move much more slowly than those from a rocky one, because the hydrogen nuclei in water are light enough for an exiting neutron to knock around much like one billiard ball hitting another a process that slows the neutron down.
Then there's a wall of solar panels attached to an electrolysis unit that turns water into hydrogen.
Earlier this month, researchers at a federal laboratory in Colorado announced they developed a one-step process that uses solar power to convert water into hydrogen.
In 2008 MIT chemist Daniel Nocera concocted a very simple, very cheap, robust, self-healing and non-toxic catalyst made from cobalt and phosphate that can split water into hydrogen and oxygen.
Hydrolysis--running an electric current through water to produce hydrogen--yields fuel that is usually not economically competitive with other forms of energy.
Never mind that they showed the difference between heavy water (with deuterium atoms) and ordinary water (with hydrogen atoms) in a way that no image had done before.
ECONOMIST: Paul Lauterbur, father of MRI, died on March 27th, aged 77
Hydrogen must be generated from water, which will require electricity.
The company vows to double its revenues from 17 clean-technology businesses, ranging from renewable energy and hydrogen fuel cells, to water filtration and purification systems, to cleaner aircraft and locomotive engines.
It is still unclear whether the hydrogen represents the release of water by the heat of the impact, or whether it simply sheds light on the way that water is formed on the Moon from its chemical constituents.
BBC: Nasa reveals new information about moon probes crash sites
Fuel cells make hydrogen and oxygen react together to produce water and electricity in the reverse of the process that the Icelanders propose to use to make the hydrogen in the first place.
Nitrogen, methane, helium, water, carbon-oxygen compounds and hydrogen produced from mining, could permit food growth and development of a water supply for lunar inhabitants.
The water molecules' two hydrogen atoms, which are split from oxygen by electrolysis, go in different directions.
Then he mentioned cars powered by hydrogen fuel cells that emit only water.
Of the world's automakers, General Motors is the most resolute champion of a future filled with vehicles powered by hydrogen fuel cells that emit only water as exhaust.
The basic idea, as is done here, of using sunlight through solar PV to electrolyse water, store the hydrogen then, when the power is required, reverse the process.
Instead of being stored in batteries, the electricity made by solar panels can be used to split water into oxygen and hydrogen molecules, the latter of which can be used as a fuel with high energy density.
Normally, circulation would channel the hydrogen and oxygen to a recombiner where they would be restored back to water, but in the hours after the reactors were shut down, hydrogen was accumulating and separating in the wetwell and reached a point where it was vented into the sparse steel-frame structure at the top of the reactor building.
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Fuel cell electric vehicles generate their power from hydrogen and oxygen, and emit only water.
BBC: Nissan FCEV on display at a car show in Brussels in January
Engineers in the US say they have invented a hydrogen-powered robot that moves through water like a jellyfish.
Engineers have built a contraption of water heater size that strips hydrogen out of natural gas while burning the carbon to provide heat for the home.
Lunar Prospector itself provided more evidence last year when it used an instrument called a neutron spectrometer to look for the tell-tale signs of hydrogen, one of the elements of water.
Heavy water is heavy because the hydrogen in it weighs twice as much as ordinary hydrogen (it has a proton and a neutron in its nucleus, instead of just a proton).
Finally, Declan looked at the BMW Hydrogen 7 - its only emission is water vapour but the technology for this type of green car is still being developed and currently, there are no models on sale.
BBC: NEWS | Programmes | Breakfast | Low carbon family: "Green" cars
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