Einstein predicted the stimulated emission part in 1917, and 50 years ago on May 16, 1960, Theodore Maiman demonstrated the first working laser at Hughes Research Labs.

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"I don't want to toot our horn, " says Thomas Hughes , head of diabetes and metabolism research at Novartis.

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The realization that building more factories, a key strategy for First Solar and its competitors for over five years, had become a really bad idea prompted the company to decide roughly a year ago to spend more money on research, said CEO Jim Hughes during the analyst day.

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Until now, he has used accounting tricks to make sure federal money has not paid for the embryo research, which was funded by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation.

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Dr Damien Brady who led the research at the Athlone Institute of Technology with Patricia Hughes, a Masters student, said coconut oil could be an attractive alternative to chemical additives.

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The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Salk Institute for Biological Studies will also dedicate research funding for projects that support the BRAIN Initiative.

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Set in the remote, post-apocalyptic desert landscape that is Landers, California, the 38-foot high white dome was built in the 1950s as a research facility by George Van Tassel, a test pilot and aeronautical engineer for Howard Hughes.

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"Not only did we have a legal right to fund the research, we had an obligation, " says Thomas Cech, president of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

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