German and Austrian Jews, the largest group, were considered stateless refugees, and were confined to Hongkou ghetto in 1943.

CNN: The Ghosts of Shanghai

But outside, the narrow streets of Hongkou are as alive as ever.

CNN: The Ghosts of Shanghai

The Hongkou segment of the Bund was known in the past for its international tenants, like the Broadway Mansions Hotel and Russian Consulate.

BBC: The regeneration of Shanghai��s Bund

Across the Suzhou Creek in the Hongkou District, the riverfront turns into the North Bund, which has been redeveloped as a transport hub centred on a passenger cruise terminal.

BBC: The regeneration of Shanghai��s Bund