Other benefits include reducing HIV-related stigma and discrimination, since addressing HIV will be part of normal core services within a health facility.

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HIV-related stigma and discrimination can subject women who are living with HIV to additional risk of violence.

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"The stigma attached to having HIV means people aren't coming forward for testing, " Dr Crook said.

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Many who are at risk for HIV are hesitant to go to the clinic for a test because of the stigma of even appearing as though they might have HIV.

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As the communities most affected became less privileged, poorer, darker, more feminine, people living with HIV were increasingly dealing with additional layers of stigma.

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Dr. FREEDEN: Everything that segregates HIV testing, that makes it different from the rest of medical care, not only increases a barrier and results in the spread of HIV but also, I think, increases stigma.

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All people have the right to education, information and services that will enable them to avoid HIV infection, and for those living with HIV, to have the best possible quality of life free from stigma and discrimination.

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