High tariffs on powdered milk (227%) and butter (464%) in effect block out foreign competition.
Industrial state companies will no longer be able to hide behind high tariffs and other barriers.
High tariffs, of course, are also onerous to consumers, who have to pay more.
Businessmen complain that they are hurt by the high tariffs charged by privatised utilities.
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The Indian currency, the rupee, was inconvertible and high tariffs and import licensing prevented foreign goods reaching the market.
First is free trade, which enables American businesses to sell products in foreign markets without having to overcome high tariffs.
But many American companies would benefit through unfettered access to markets in the developing world currently protected by high tariffs.
But the free-trade area is riddled with exemptions: big markets such as Malaysia and Vietnam maintain high tariffs on imported cars.
Worse, after decades of isolation and high tariffs, South Africa already has more car makers than its stagnant market can support.
Farmers resented having to pay higher prices for imported goods, because of high tariffs that were the principal source of federal revenue.
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It is brinkmanship more than scepticism about trade that has driven the emerging world to demand the right to keep high tariffs.
Instead of buying time for reform, high tariffs may serve vested interests.
The main political opponents of the income tax were Republicans who defended high tariffs, but there were principled opponents without conflicting interests, too.
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American small businesses need free trade agreements to restore their ability to sell products in foreign markets without having to overcome high tariffs.
And even when all the quotas have gone, trade will be no more liberal than at the outset, because high tariffs will remain.
America's textile industry, which enjoys considerable protection from high tariffs, has already described Mr Bush's plan as a formula for the industry's demise.
An increasingly popular method nowadays is to strangle traders not with high tariffs, which are easy to spot, but with red tape, which is not.
That means ethanol (inefficient because of heavy subsidies and high tariffs on imports of foreign ethanol) or liquefied coal (filthy because of high carbon emissions).
Until the mid-1980s cement was protected in Mexico by high tariffs.
For example, the country still has what are, in effect, high tariffs on wheat and imposes nontariff barriers on pharmaceuticals and an array of other products.
Thompson is attracted to that formula because it could inflict pain on the intended target without the collateral damage to U.S. importers that high tariffs would cause.
Everybody in the economics profession decries such trade distortions today, but it is no coincidence that high tariffs coincided with the era of greatest growth in U.S. manufacturing.
Many poor countries have very high tariffs on manufactured goods.
Will he talk at all about U.S. interest in increasing trade with countries -- countries like Egypt, Pakistan, that face relatively high tariffs on their exports to the United States?
This could in theory have resulted in high tariffs.
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When they left, the French and Italian brands were fat and lazy, with huge domestic market shares that were practically guaranteed by their home governments, which maintained high tariffs between European countries.
Although India has broadly cut import duties and increased foreign-ownership limits over the past ten years, large sections of the economy remain sheltered by high tariffs and restrictions on foreign direct investment, which amounts to just 0.7 percent of India's GDP, compared with 4.2 percent in China and 3.2 percent in Brazil.
The US has high import tariffs on sugar, so high in fact that the internal to the US price of sugar is double the world price.
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True, some Argentines now argue that this success is delusory: it has pushed resources into businesses, like their inefficient motor industry, that could not live without high external tariffs and are now left high and dry by the fall of the real.
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