High crude oil prices would result in high fees charged by MasterCard, cutting into the margins of the gas station owner.

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But according to residents, Shuyang halted sales in 2000 as parents began to complain about the high fees charged by the private schools.

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For the first seven years Telmex held a monopoly on phone service, and it succeeded in imposing some of the highest prices anywhere in the world. (All bidders were offered a similar competition-free period.) The market opened to rivals in 1997, and Telmex tangled with competitors repeatedly over the high access fees it charged them.

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He and his Morgan colleagues knew that the safest way to make money was to own a piece of the management company and thus share in the high fees that investors were charged.

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But his investors, like most hedge fund investors, are charged such high fees by Ackman that their actual return in Pershing Square was far lower.

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Consumer advocates dispute the industry's case, arguing that lenders will be able to fall within the new triggers by reducing fees and interest charged to meet the high-cost thresholds.

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Planning fees, if they are charged, may be negligible or as high as several hundred dollars an hour.

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